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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of their own resistance to change and the social ties they were able to draw from were important. For instance the RIs of TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as an important reason for them to choose to avoid criticising the strictness of a professor (see example 2). This article reviews all local pragmatic research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on the most important practical issues, including: Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs) The discourse completion test is a commonly used instrument in pragmatic research. It has many advantages, but also a few disadvantages. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural differences. Furthermore, the DCT is prone to bias and can lead to overgeneralizations. As a result, it is important to analyze it carefully before it is used for research or for assessment purposes. Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to manipulate social variables that affect politeness could be a benefit. This ability can be used to study the role of prosody across cultural contexts. In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools used to study the behavior of communication learners. It can be used to investigate various issues, including the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to assess the level of phonological sophistication in learners speaking. Recent research has used the DCT as a tool to assess the refusal skills of EFL students. Participants were given a set of scenarios to choose from, and then asked to choose the most appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other measures to stop people from refusing, including a questionnaire and video recordings. However, they cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other types of data collection methods. DCTs are typically created with specific linguistic requirements in mind, such as the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and based on the assumptions of test designers. They may not be precise, and they could misrepresent the way that ELF learners actually refuse requests in real-world interaction. This issue requires further studies of alternative methods of assessing the ability to refuse. In a recent research study, DCT responses to student inquiries via email were compared to the responses from an oral DCT. The results revealed that the DCT encouraged more direct and traditionally form-based requests, and a lesser use of hints than the email data did. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic decisions regarding their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, including Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) as well as metapragmatic questionnaires and Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs with upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked for reflections on their opinions and refusals in RIs. The results revealed that CLKs frequently chose to resist native Korean pragmatic norms, and their decisions were influenced by four major factors: their personalities, their multilingual identities, ongoing life histories, and relationship advantages. These findings have pedagogical consequences for L2 Korean assessment. The MQ data was analyzed in order to determine the participants' practical choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the choices made by the participants with their linguistic performance on the DCTs in order to determine if they were indicative of resistance to pragmatics. The interviewees were asked to justify their choice of pragmatic behavior in a specific scenario. The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were examined using descriptive statistics and Z tests. The CLKs were found to use euphemistic terms such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This could be due to their lack experience with the target languages, leading to an insufficient understanding of the korean pragmatic norms. The results showed that CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms varies according to the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12, the CLKs preferred to diverge from both L1 as well as L2 pragmatic norms whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs further revealed that the CLKs were aware of their own pragmatism in each DCT situation. The RIs were conducted on a one-to-one basis in the space of two days of the participants completing the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders independent of each other, were then coded. The coding was an iterative process, in which the coders discussed and read each transcript. The results of the coding process are contrasted with the original RI transcripts to determine if they reflected the actual behavior. Interviews for refusal The most important issue in research on pragmatics is: Why do certain learners decide to not accept native-speaker norms? Recent research sought to answer this question by using a variety of experiments, including DCTs MQs and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked to think about their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the pragmatic norms of native speakers in more than 40 percent of their responses. They did this despite the fact that they were able to produce patterns that were similar to native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their decisions to learner-internal factors like their identities, personalities, multilingual identities, and ongoing life experiences. They also referred to external factors such as relational advantages. They also discussed, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the linguistic and cultural expectations of their university. The interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and penalties they might face if their local social norms were not followed. They were worried that their native friends might perceive them as “foreignersand believe that they are ignorant. 프라그마틱 슬롯 환수율 was similar to the concerns voiced by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are not the preferred choice of Korean learners. They may still be useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. But it would be prudent for future researchers to reassess their relevance in specific scenarios and in different cultural contexts. This will help them better understand the effect of different cultural environments on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of students in L2. Moreover it will assist educators to create more effective methods to teach and test the korea's pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi is principal advisor to Stratways Group, a geopolitical risk consultancy based in Seoul. Case Studies The case study method is a research method that employs in-depth, participant-centered investigations to investigate a specific topic. This method makes use of various sources of data including interviews, observations and documents, to support its findings. This kind of research is ideal for studying specific or complex subjects that are difficult to quantify with other methods. The first step in a case study is to define the subject and the goals of the study. This will help determine which aspects of the subject matter are essential for research and which are best left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a general understanding of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context. This case study was based on an open source platform such as the KMMLU leaderboard [50] and its benchmarks that are specific to Korea, HyperCLOVA X and LDCC-Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the study revealed that L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to select incorrect answer choices, which were literal interpretations. This was a departure from the correct pragmatic inference. They also had a strong tendency to add their own words or “garbage” to their responses. This further reduced the quality of their answers. Moreover, the participants of this case study were primarily L2 Korean learners who had achieved level 4 on the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) in their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were questioned about their WTC/SPCC, their pragmatic awareness and understanding and understanding of the world. Interviewees were presented with two hypothetical situations that involved interaction with their co-workers and were asked to choose one of the strategies below to employ when making demands. The interviewees were asked to justify their decision. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personality. TS for instance stated that she was difficult to talk to and was hesitant to ask about the wellbeing of her colleague when they had a heavy work load, even though she thought native Koreans would.